Core Western Classics
- Plato: The Republic; Phaedrus; Symposium; Republic (translations vary)
- Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics; Metaphysics; Politics; On the Soul
- Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy; Discourse on the Method
- Spinoza: Ethica (Ethics)
- Leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics; Monadology
- Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; A Treatise of Human Nature
- Kant: Critique of Pure Reason; Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals; Critique of Practical Reason
- Hegel: Phenomenology of Spirit; Science of Logic
- Schopenhauer: The World as Will and Representation
- Nietzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra; Beyond Good and Evil; Genealogy of Morals
- Kierkegaard: Fear and Trembling; Either/Or
- Marx: Capital; The Communist Manifesto; Early Writings
- Mill: On Liberty; Utilitarianism
- Bentham: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
- Rawls: A Theory of Justice; Political Liberalism
- Nozick: Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- Sartre: Being and Nothingness; Existentialism is a Humanism
- Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex
- Wittgenstein: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus; Philosophical Investigations
- Husserl: Cartesian Meditations; Ideas I
- Heidegger: Being and Time; The Question Concerning Technology
- Derrida: Of Grammatology; Writing and Difference
- Foucault: Discipline and Punish; The Order of Things; The History of Sexuality
- Arendt: The Human Condition; Eichmann in Jerusalem
- Butler: Gender Trouble; Bodies That Matter
- Aquinas: Summa Theologica (selected readings)
- Augustine: Confessions; The City of God
- Pascal: Pensées
- Berkeley: A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding; Two Treatises of Government
- Smith: The Theory of Moral Sentiments; The Wealth of Nations
- Twain and moral philosophy: (various essays and lectures)
- Emerson: Essays; Self-Reliance
- Russell: The Problems of Philosophy; History of Western Philosophy
- Whitehead: Process and Reality (selected sections)
- Santayana: Reason in Religion; The Sense of Beauty
- James: The Principles of Psychology; Pragmatism
- Dewey: The Essential Dewey; Experience and Education
- Popper: The Logic of Scientific Discovery; The Open Society and Its Enemies
- Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
- Feynman: Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman (for science philosophy intersections)
- Putnam: Representation and Reality; The Many Ways of Knowing
- Dennett: Elbow Room; Consciousness Explained
- Nozick: Philosophical Explanations
- Taylor: Sources of the Self
- MacIntyre: After Virtue
- Rorty: Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
- Nagel: Mortal Questions; What Does it All Mean?
Ancient and Medieval Thinkers
- Homeric ethics and politics (selected fragments)
- Confucius: Analects
- Laozi: Tao Te Ching
- Zhuangzi: The Way of Nature
- Maimonides: The Guide for the Perplexed
- Avicenna: The Book of Healing (selected)
- Averroes: The Incoherence of the Incoherence (selected)
- Augustine (earlier works): On Free Will; City of God (selections)
- Boethius: The Consolation of Philosophy
- Plotinus: Enneads
- Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica (selected)
- Duns Scotus: Philosophical Writings (selected)
- William of Ockham: Occam’s Razor and related treatises
- Avicenna/Arabic philosophical corpus (selected)
Eastern and Non-Western Traditions
- Confucius: Analects (English translations)
- Laozi: Tao Te Ching
- Zhuangzi
- Nagarjuna: Mulamadhyamakakarika (Fundamental Verses in Madhyamaka)
- Vasubandhu: Abhidharmakosa Bhāṣya (selected)
- Xunzi
- Madhavacharya: Vedanta-sutra Bhashya and commentaries
- Shankara: Vivekachudamani; Upanishads (selected)
- Shestov and non-Western critiques (selected)
- Indian Philosophical Classics: Nyaya-Vaiseshika selections
- Buddhist logic and epistemology: Dignāga and Dharmakīrti (selected)
- Japanese Zen and Buddhist philosophy: Dogen, Nishida (selected)
Modern and Contemporary Continental Philosophy
- Descriptions and syntheses of phenomenology and existentialism:
- Husserl: Cartesian Meditations; Ideas I
- Heidegger: Being and Time; Introduction to Metaphysics
- Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenology of Perception
- Sartre: Nausea; Being and Nothingness
- Camus: The Stranger; The Myth of Sisyphus
- Foucault: The Archaeology of Knowledge; Discipline and Punish
- Derrida: Writing and Difference
- Butler: Gender Trouble; Bodies That Matter
- Arendt: The Human Condition; The Origins of Totalitarianism
- Deleuze and Guattari: Anti-Oedipus; A Thousand Plateaus
- Spivak: Can the Subaltern Speak?
- Rancière: The Philosopher and His Poor
- Žižek: The Sublime Object of Ideology
- Iris Murdoch: The Sovereignty of Good
- Alain Badiou: Being and Event
- Slavoj Žižek: Less Than Nothing
- Jean-Luc Nancy: The Inoperative Community
Analytic Philosophy Essentials
- Russell: Problems of Philosophy
- Moore: Principia Ethica
- Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations
- Quine: Word and Object; Two Dogmas of Empiricism
- Putnam: Representation and Reality
- Kripke: Naming and Necessity
- Austin: How to Do Things with Words
- Searle: Speech Acts
- Dretske: Knowledge and the Flow of Information
- Kaplan: Philosophy of Language
- Nozick: Anarchy, State, and Utopia (also in classic)
- Davidson: Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation
- Lewis: On Belief, Descartes, and Counterfactuals
-Hardt and Negri: Empire
-paradigms of rationalism and empiricism
Ethics and Moral Philosophy
- Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics
- Kant: Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
- Mill: Utilitarianism
- Rawls: A Theory of Justice
- Singer: Practical Ethics
- Nussbaum: The Fragility of Goodness
- Sandel: Justice; What Money Can't Buy
- MacIntyre: After Virtue
- Taylor: The Ethics of Authenticity
- Anscombe: Modern Moral Philosophy
- Williams: Moral Luck
- Thomson: The Elements of Moral Philosophy
-Foot: Virtues and Vices
- Kant: Critique of Practical Reason
- Hare: The Language of Morals
Political and Social Philosophy
- Plato: The Republic
- Hobbes: Leviathan
- Locke: Second Treatise
- Rousseau: The Social Contract
- Mill: On Liberty
- Marx: The Communist Manifesto
- Arendt: The Human Condition
- Foucault: Discipline and Punish
- Butler: Gender Trouble
- Rawls: A Theory of Justice
- Sen: Development as Freedom
- Nozick: Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- Bauman: Modernity and Other Essays
- Apel: Transformation in Philosophy
- Oakeshott: Experience and Its Possibilities
Philosophy of Mind and Consciousness
- Descartes: Meditations
- Spinoza: Ethica
- Kant: Critique of Pure Reason
- Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
- Russell: The Analysis of Mind
- Putnam: Representation and Reality
- Searle: Mind: A Brief Introduction
- Chalmers: The Conscious Mind
- Damasio: Descartes’ Error
- Churchland: Matter and Consciousness
Science and Epistemology
- Popper: The Logic of Scientific Discovery
- Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
- Feyerabend: Against Method
- Dawkins: The Selfish Gene (philosophical implications)
- Earman: World Enough and Time
- Quine: Word and Object
- Goldman: Epistemology: An Introduction
- Goldman: Justification and Seminars
Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art
- Aristotle: Poetics
- Kant: Critique of Judgment
- Adorno: Aesthetic Theory
- Dewey: Art as Experience
- Bell: Art
- Tolstoy: What Is Art?
- Scruton: The Aesthetics of Architecture
Religious and Theological Philosophy
- Augustine: City of God
- Aquinas: Summa Theologica (selected)
- Kierkegaard: Fear and Trembling
- Tillich: Systematic Theology
- James: The Varieties of Religious Experience
- Paul Tillich: The Courage to Be
- Nagarjuna and Buddhist logic (selected)
Ethics, Law, and Professional Practice
- Rawls: A Theory of Justice
- Habermas: The Theory of Communicative Action
- Dworkin: Law’s Empire
- Hart: The Concept of Law
- Fuller: The Morality of Law
- Sunstein: Legal Reasoning
- Nussbaum: Frontiers of Justice
- Sen: The Idea of Justice
Practical Guides and Accessible Introductions
- The Problems of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell
- Sophie's World by Jostein Gaarder
- The Consolations of Philosophy by Alain de Botton
- The Philosophy Book by Dorling Kindersley (illustrated overview)
- The Story of Philosophy by Bryan Magee
- Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction (Series) by Edward Craig
- The Philosophy of Language by Paul Teller
- A Little History of Philosophy by Nigel Warburton
- What Philosophy Is by James Lynch
- The Republic: A Graphic Novel (adaptations)
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